Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Plants: Scrophularia tenuipes Coss & Durieu. and Oenanthe virgata Poiret

Abstract

This work aims to study the phytochemical composition of the two endemic plants Scrophularia tenuipes Coss & Durieu and Oenanthe virgata Poiret and to investigate their health-benefit properties. UHPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn analysis of S. tenuipes revealed that the main compound in EA is the phenylethanoid «acetyl martynoside» and the iridoid «harpagoside» was dominant in Bu. While the prominent compound for O. virgata is «dicaffeyolquinic acid» for EA and the flavonoid «rutin» for Bu. Regarding biological activities, S. tenuipes and O. virgata exhibited a considerable antioxidant potential. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of S. tenuipes depended on the type of pathogenic bacteria and EA of O. virgata has an antibacterial activity against three out of four tested bacteria. In addition, EA extract has the high potent with regard to in vivo/vitro anti-inflammatory effect for both plants. Furthermore, S. tenuipes exhibited a strong effect against α-amylase enzyme but weak α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. O. virgata showed a strong α-amylase inhibitory activity and EA has high α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. S. tenuipes and O. virgata showed a weak urease inhibitory. S. tenuipes has a weak tyrosinase inhibitory capacity and EA of O. virgata has a moderate effect. Furthermore, both plants have no anticholinesterase activity but have a high sun protection effect.